The temporomandibular joints (TMJs) connect your mandible (lower jaw) to your temporal bone (skull).  TMD (temporomandibular joint disorder) develops when there is a problem with the muscle, bone, or other tissue in this area and is caused by a combination of factors like jaw injuries and joint disease, such as arthritis. Bruxism (tooth clenching and grinding), occlusion (how teeth fit together), muscle tension, stress, ill-fitting dentures, and certain habits such as fingernail biting and pen or pencil chewing can all contribute to TMD.

Symptoms of TMD include pain and tenderness in and around the ear, the TMJs, or the muscles of the jaw, face, temples, neck or shoulders, difficulty opening or closing, clicking or popping noise when you chew, yawn, or open your mouth, and headaches.

TMD usually resolves without any treatment. If it does not resolve, treatment may include relaxation techniques, referral to a physiotherapist or chiropractor, medicine for pain, inflammation or muscle relaxation, or a night guard to help your TMJs and muscles relax. Referral to a specialist or surgery are treatment options used only if the above have been exhausted.